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Photo 1 . M in es a n d a d ja ce n t d am age a lo ng

vein s c o verin g m ost o f t h e le aves o f b ele c a u se d

by t h e b ele le af m in er,

Acro ce rc o ps

sp

.Photo 2 . E xte n siv e d am age c a u se d b y t h e b ele

le af m in er,

Acro ce rc o ps

sp

. P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets

P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets

B ele ( A belm osch us) le afm in er ( 2 56)

B ele ( A belm osch us) le afm in er ( 2 56)

C om mon N am e

C om mon N am e

T h ere is n o c o m mon n am e. H ere it is c a lle d b ele le afm in er.

S cie n tif ic N am e

S cie n tif ic N am e

Acro ce rc o ps

s p ecie s, a m em ber o f t h e m oth f a m ily , G ra cilla riiu dae.

Acro ce rc o ps c a th ed ra e

is r e co rd ed f r o m P ap ua

N ew G uin ea

1

.

D is tr ib utio n

D is tr ib utio n

W orld d is tr ib utio n u nkn ow n.

Acro ce rc o ps

s p ecie s h ave b een r e co rd ed f r o m A ustr a lia , F iji a n d S am oa.

H osts

H osts

Bele

, o kra , a n d o th er m em bers o f t h e H ib is cu s f a m ily , in clu din g t h e c u lt iv ate d

Hib is cu s r o sa -s in en sis

an d t h e w ild

H ib is cu s t ilia ce u s.

S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle

S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle

T h e la rv a e c a u se e xte n siv e m in in g o ve r la rg e a re as o f t h e le af ( P hoto 1 & 2). T h e m in es o ft e n r u n a lo ngsid e t h e v e in s

a t f ir s t. T h e d am aged a re as b eco m e p ap er-t h in a n d s ilv e ry , b eco m in g b ro nze d a n d s h in y.

T h e a d ult m oth is a b out 4 m m lo ng; w in gs a re b ro w n w it h t h re e w hit e b an ds a ro ss t h em w it h b la ck b ord ers . T h e

y o ung la rv a e a re y e llo w ; t h e m atu re la rv a e a re r e d a n d 5 m m lo ng. P upatio n o ccu rs in w hit e c o co ons in f o ld s o f

l e ave s o n w eed s ( b ro ad le ave d o r g ra ss) b en eath t h e

b ele

pla n ts .

I m pact

I m pact

A n im porta n t p est o f b ele a n d o kra t h at is w id ely f o und in F iji. L e ave s t h at a re m in ed a re u nlik e ly t o b e p lu cke d f o r

h ouse h old u se o r s a le in t h e m ark e t.

D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n

D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n

L o ok f o r t h e b ro w n m in es, m ost o bvio us o n t h e t o psid e o f t h e le ave s, o ft e n a lo ngsid e v e in s, b ord ere d b y ir re gu la r

p ap er-t h in s ilv e ry a re as, t u rn in g b ro nze d w it h a ge. L o ok f o r t h e d am aged p atc h es t h ro ugh out t h e le af r e n derin g

t h e le ave s u se le ss f o r h ouse h old o r m ark e t u se .

M an agem en t

M an agem en t

C U LT U RAL C O NTR O LD urin g g ro w th :

Sq uash t h e m in es b etw een f in ger a n d t h um b t o k ill t h e la rv a e if t h e n um ber o f m in es is s m all. D o t h is a s s o on

as t h e m in es a re s e en .

If t h e n um ber o f m in es is t o o la rg e t o s q uash , r e m ove t h e in fe ste d le ave s w it h m in es, a s s o on a s t h ey a re

se en , a n d b urn t h em .

Do n ot p la n t n ew g ard en s n ext t o t h ose w it h le afm in er d am age.

A ft e r h arv e st:

When p la n ts c o m e t o t h e e n d o f t h eir u se fu ln ess, p ull t h em o ut a n d b urn t h em . D o n ot le ave t o b re ed

le afm in ers t o in fe st h ealt h y p la n ts .

R ESIS TA N T V ARIE TIE S

D if fe re n ce s b etw een v a rie tie s h as n ot b een r e p orte d b ut it is w orth c h eckin g if t h e n arro w le af v a rie tie s s u ffe r le ss

d am age t h en t h ose w it h b ro ad le ave s.

C H EM IC AL C O NTR O L

C hem ic a l c o ntr o l is d if fic u lt b eca u se t h e la rv a e a re p ro te cte d in sid e t h eir m in es, a n d p upae d eve lo p o n w eed s, n ot

o n

bele .

A ls o , in se ctic id es a re lik e ly t o d estr o y n atu ra l e n em ie s, a n d t h is c a n le ad t o o utb re aks o f o th er in se cts , a n d

a ls o m it e s.

H ow eve r, if p estic id es a re r e q uir e d , u se w hit e o il ( m ad e f r o m v e geta b le o ils ), s o ap s o lu tio n, o r h ortic u lt u ra l

oil ( m ad e f r o m p etr o le u m ) (

se e F a ct S h eet n o. 5 6

se e F a ct S h eet n o. 5 6

).

Whit e o il:

3 t a b le sp oons ( 1 /3 c u p) c o okin g o il in 4 lit r e s w ate r.

½ t e asp oon d ete rg en t s o ap .

Sh ake w ell a n d u se

So ap :

Use s o ap ( p ure s o ap , n ot d ete rg en t).

5 t a b le sp oons o f s o ap in 4 lit r e s w ate r,

OR

OR

2 t a b le sp oons o f d is h w ash in g liq uid in 4 lit r e s w ate r.

Com merc ia l h ortic u lt u ra l o il c a n a ls o b e u se d . W hit e o il, s o ap a n d h ortic u lt u ra l o il s p ra ys w ork b y b lo ckin g t h e

bre ath in g h ole s o f in se cts c a u sin g s u ffo ca tio n a n d d eath . S p ra y t h e u nders id es o f le ave s; t h e o ils m ust

co nta ct t h e in se cts . A s e co nd a p plic a tio n o f s o ap o r o ils m ay b e n ece ssa ry a ft e r 3 -4 w eeks. It is im porta n t t o

te st t h at s o ap , w hit e o il o r h ortic u lt u ra l o il d oes n ot d am age t h e le ave s o f

bele

b y s p ra yin g o ne p la n t b efo re

sp ra yin g a ll p la n ts in t h e g ard en .

A lt e rn ativ e ly , u se :

Pla n t-d eriv e d p ro ducts ( P D Ps), s u ch a s n eem , d erris , p yre th ru m a n d c h illi ( w it h t h e a d dit io n o f s o ap ).

Note , a v a rie ty o f

Derris

, b ro ugh t m an y y e ars a go t o S o lo m on Is la n ds f r o m P ap ua N ew G uin ea, is e ffe ctiv e a s a

sp ra y. It c o nta in s r o te n one, a n in se ctic id e, s o it s h ould b e u se d w it h c a u tio n. T h ere m ay b e v a rie tie s o f

Derris

(fis h p ois o ns) in y o ur c o untr y t h at c a n b e t r ie d

(s e e F a ct S h eet n o. 5 6

(s e e F a ct S h eet n o. 5 6

).

Syn th etic p yre th ro id s a re lik e ly t o b e e ffe ctiv e a gain st le afm in ers , a s a re s yste m ic p ro ducts s u ch a s a ce p hate

or im id aclo prid .

If a n y o f t h ese s yn th etic p estic id es a re u se d , it is im porta n t t o f o llo w t h e in str u ctio ns o n t h e la b el,

esp ecia lly t h e w it h -h old in g p erio d; t h is is t h e n um ber o f d ays b etw een la st t h e a p plic a tio n o f t h e s p ra y a n d

th e h arv e st o f t h e le ave s. P D Ps a re u se fu l h ere a s t h ey a re u su ally b ro ke n d ow n b y s u nlig h t w it h in 3 d ays o f

ap plic a tio n.A U TH OR G ra h am e Ja ck so n

1

P re sto n S R ( 1 998) A ib ik a/B ele .

Abelm osch us m an ih ot

(L .) M ed ik . P ro m otin g t h e c o n se rv atio n a n d u se o f u nderu tiliz e d a n d n egle cte d c ro p s. 2 4. I n stit u te o f P la n t G en etic s a n d C ro p P la n t R ese arch ,

G ate rsle b en /In te rn atio n al P la n t G en etic R eso u rce s I n stit u te , R om e, I ta ly ; I n fo rm atio n f r o m S w ain e G ( 1 971)

Agric u lt u ra l Z oolo gy in F iji

. O verse as R ese arch P u blic a tio n N o. 1 8. L on don , H M SO .

P ro d uce d w it h s u pport f r o m t h e A ustr a lia n C en tr e f o r I n te rn atio n al A gric u lt u ra l R ese arch u nder p ro je ct P C /2 010/0 90:

Str e n gth en in g in te gra te d c ro p m an agem en t r e se arch in t h e P acif ic I s la n ds in s u pport o f

su sta in ab le in te n sif ic a tio n o f h ig h -v alu e c ro p p ro d uctio n

, im ple m en te d b y t h e U niv ersit y o f Q ueen sla n d a n d t h e S ecre ta ria t o f t h e P acif ic C om munit y .

Th is f a ct s h eet is a p art o f t h e a p p

Pacif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s

Th e m obile a p plic a tio n is a va ila b le f r o m t h e G oogle P la y S to re a n d A pple iT u nes.

Andro id E d it io n

Andro id E d it io n

Apple iO S E d it io n

Apple iO S E d it io n

Copyrig h t © 2 017. A ll r ig h ts r e se rv ed .

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