Photo 1 . A dult ja ssid ,
Am ra sca ? d evasta n s
, o n
th e u nders id e o f a
bele
le af.
Photo 2 . C lo se -u p a d ult ja ssid ,
Am ra sca ?
devasta n s
, o n t h e u nders id e o f a
bele
le af.
Photo 3 . Y ello w in g a n d c rin klin g o f le aves o f
bele
in fe ste d b y t h e ja ssid le afh opper,
Am ra sca
?d evasta n s
.
Photo 4 . T h e p la n t w it h t h e h ig h ly d is se cte d
le af
in t h e f o re gro und a p pears t o le ra n t t o ja ssid s -
co m pare w it h t h ose b eh in d.
Photo 5 . V arie ty o f
b ele
fro m S o lo m on Is la n ds
th at a p pears t o le ra n t t o in fe sta tio ns o f
th e ja ssid ,
Am ra sca ? d evasta n s
. (N eed s
verif ic a tio n.)
P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets
P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets
B ele ( A belm osch us) le afh oppers ( 0 39)
B ele ( A belm osch us) le afh oppers ( 0 39)
C om mon N am e
C om mon N am e
G re en o r In dia n c o tto n ja ssid ( o r le afh opper). T h ese a re t h e c o m mon n am es g iv e n t o
Am ra sca
deva sta n s
, b ut t h e s p ecie s in t h e P acif ic h as n ot b een id en tif ie d .
S cie n tif ic N am e
S cie n tif ic N am e
M ost lik e ly
Am ra sca b ig u ttu la b ig u ttu la
; p re vio usly ,
Am ra sca
deva sta n s
, a n d
Em poasca
deva sta n s.
D is tr ib utio n
D is tr ib utio nN arro w . A sia , A fr ic a ( r e str ic te d ), O ce an ia . It is r c o rd ed f r o m A ustr a lia , G uam , P ap ua N ew G uin ea a n d S o lo m on
I s la n ds ( b ut n ote , s o m e r e co rd s n eed v e rif ic a tio n).
H osts
H osts
Bele
(
aib ik a
, is la n d c a b bage o r s lip eri k a b is ,
Abelm osch us m an ih ot
), o kra , c o tto n. It is a ls o r e p orte d a s a p est o f
f o od le gu m es, e ggp la n t a n d p ean ut. In S o lo m on Is la n ds, it h as o nly b een r e p orte d a s a p est o f
bele
.
S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle
S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle
T h e ja ssid s ( P hoto s 1 & 2) c a u se p atc h es o f y e llo w o n t h e le ave s, a n d s o m e le ave s t u rn w hit e a t t h e e d ges. T h ey a ls o
c a u se t h e le ave s t o d eve lo p s u rfa ce c re ase s o r w rin kle s ( P hoto 3 ). O ve ra ll, t h ey lo ok u nhealt h y.
E ggs a re la id in t h e le ave s a n d t h e le af s ta lk s. T h e e gg h atc h in 8 -1 0 d ays, a n d t h e y e llo w -g re en n ym phs lo ok s im ila r
t o t h e a d ult s e xce p t in s iz e , a n d t h e f a ct t h at t h ey a re w in gle ss. T h ey m oult f o ur t im es b efo re t h ey b eco m e m atu re
i n 1 2-2 0 d ays; t h ey a re t h en a b out 2 m m lo ng. B oth n ym phs a n d a d ult s a re w ed ge-s h ap ed , a n d o ccu r o n t h e
u nders id e o f t h e le ave s. T h e a d ult s v a ry in c o lo ur f r o m y e llo w is h -g re en t o y e llo w , a n d t h ey liv e f o r a b out 1 0 d ays.
J a ssid p opula tio ns a re in flu en ce d b y r a in fa ll. H ig h r a in fa ll c a u se s m an y d eath s o f n ym phs a n d a d ult s .
I m pact
I m pact
T h e d am age c a u se d b y t h e ja ssid is o ft e n s e ve re .
In S o lo m on Is la n ds, t h e n um ber o f in se cts p er
le af is s m all in
r e la tio n t o t h e d am age, s o it is p ossib le t h at t h e ja ssid s
in je ct a t o xin a s t h ey f e ed . In P ap ua N ew G uin ea, la rg e
n um bers o ccu r o n t h e
le ave s a n d c a u se t h e le ave s t o d ry u p, b egin nin g a t t h e le af m arg in s, a n d
die p re m atu re ly ,
e sp ecia lly d urin g t im es o f lo w r a in fa ll. T h e d am age r e d uce s t h e
photo syn th etic a b ilit y o f t h e le ave s, t h e n um ber o f
l e ave s a va ila b le f o r c o nsu m ptio n,
an d m ay a ls o r e d uce t h eir n utr it io nal c o nte n t, a lt h ough t h is h as n ot b een
te ste d .
D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n
D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n
L o ok a t t h e le ave s a n d s e e if t h ey h ave lig h t y e llo w t o w hit e p atc h es. L o ok a t t h e u nders id e o f t h e le af a n d f in d t h e
j a ssid s. T h ere m ay n ot b e m an y p re se n t o n e ach le af. T h e le ave s m ay b e m ore c rin kle d t h an n orm al, b ut r e m em ber
t h at le ave s o f s o m e v a rie tie s o f
bele
a re n atu ra lly c rin kle d , e ve n w hen h ealt h y. It is e asie r t o s e e t h e ja ssid s if d ark
p ap er is p ut b en eath t h e le ave s t o c a tc h t h e ja ssid s w hen t h e le ave s a re s h ake n o r g iv e n a s h arp t a p .
M an agem en t
M an agem en t
N ATU RAL E N EM IE S
A n um ber o f n atu ra l e n em ie s o f ja ssid s h ave b een r e p orte d w orld w id e. T h e la rv a e o f la d yb ir d b eetle s a n d
l a ce w in gs, s p id ers a n d o th er p re d ato rs a tta ck b oth a d ult s a n d n ym phs. T in y w asp s a re a ls o r e p orte d t h at la y t h eir
e ggs in t h ose o f t h e ja sssid s. T h e b acte riu m ,
Bacillu s t h urin gie n sis
v a r
. ku rs ta ki
, h as b een r e co rd ed in fe ctin g
n ym phs a n d a d ult s . W heth er o r n ot t h ese o r o th er n atu ra l e n em ie s a re p re se n t in t h e P acif ic is la n ds, a n d a tta ck
j a ssid s in t h e s a m e w ay, is n ot k n ow n.
R ESIS TA N T V ARIE TIE S
O ne v a rie ty f r o m t h e W este rn P ro vin ce , S o lo m on Is la n ds, a p pears t o h ave r e sis ta n ce t o ja ssid s, a lt h ough t h is h as
n ot b een t e ste d t h oro ugh ly . It m ay b e a n in tr o ductio n f r o m P ap ua N ew G uin ea. T h e le ave s a re d eep ly d is se cte d
i n to lo ng n arro w le afle ts , w it h a w axy g re en s u rfa ce a n d d ark le af s ta lk s; t h e p la n t is t a ll a n d n arro w ( P hoto s 4 & 5).
C H EM IC AL C O NTR O L
U se in se ctic id es t h at h ave f a st a ctio n a n d lo w r e sid ual e ffe ct, t h at is , t h ey b re ak d ow n q uic kly . T h e a im is t o d o t h e
l e ast h arm t o t h e n atu ra l e n em ie s. D o t h e f o llo w in g:
Use p la n t-d eriv e d p ro ducts , s u ch a s n eem , d erris , p yre th ru m o r c h illi ( w it h t h e a d dit io n o f s o ap ).
Note , in P ap ua N ew G uin ea, d erris (
Derris e llip ic a
) is r e co m men ded . D erris c o nta in s r o te n one, a n in se ctic id e.
It is p la n te d w it h in o r a ro und
bele
(
aib eka
in P N G) p lo ts , r e ad y f o r u se w hen r e q uir e d . T h e r o ots a re u se d t o
make a s p ra y. In S o lo m on Is la n ds, a v a rie ty o f d erris , in tr o duce d m an y y e ars a go f r o m P ap ua N ew G uin ea, is
effe ctiv e a s a s p ra y. D erris c o nta in s r o te n one, a n in se ctic id e, s o it s h ould b e u se d w it h c a u tio n. T h ere m ay b e
va rie tie s o f
Derris
( fis h p ois o ns) in y o ur c o untr y t h at c a n b e t r ie d (
se e F a ct S h eet n o. 5 6
se e F a ct S h eet n o. 5 6
).
Alt e rn ativ e ly , s yn th etic p yre th ro id s a re lik e ly t o b e e ffe ctiv e , b ut w ill a ls o k ill n atu ra l e n em ie s.A U TH ORS H ele n T sa ts ia & G ra h am e Ja ck so n
P h oto 2 G ra h am T eakle , C an berra .
P ro d uce d w it h s u pport f r o m t h e A ustr a lia n C en tr e f o r I n te rn atio n al A gric u lt u ra l R ese arch u nder p ro je ct P C /2 010/0 90:
Str e n gth en in g in te gra te d c ro p m an agem en t r e se arch in t h e P acif ic I s la n ds in s u pport o f
su sta in ab le in te n sif ic a tio n o f h ig h -v alu e c ro p p ro d uctio n ,
im ple m en te d b y t h e U niv ersit y o f Q ueen sla n d a n d t h e S ecre ta ria t o f t h e P acif ic C om munit y .
Th is f a ct s h eet is a p art o f t h e a p p
Pacif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s
Th e m obile a p plic a tio n is a va ila b le f r o m t h e G oogle P la y S to re a n d A pple iT u nes.
Andro id E d it io n
Andro id E d it io n
Apple iO S E d it io n
Apple iO S E d it io n
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