D. invadens is a small, agile, slug species with a reputation for pugnacity towards other slugs. Size range is 25-35 mm. The body is cylindrical, narrowing to a short but strongly truncate keel at the tail. The mantle is moderately large but less so proportionately than in D. laeve, so that the tail part of the body is clearly longer than the mantle. In living specimens the mantle is transversely wrinkled in front as in D. laeve. The body colour is variable. In Mediterranean countries a pinkish flesh-coloured ground colour is common with a translucent cuticle and few if any darker spots. This form can also occur in northern Europe. In north-west Europe two forms predominate, these are slightly or considerably darker colour forms. The most common is mid gray and translucent with lighter mantle, through the cuticle of which the shell and pale internal organs can be seen even in the field. There is a marbling of tiny darker spots, but these are difficult to see with the naked eye. In hilly or exposed areas a darker form occurs, with mid to dark grey ground colour and contrasting pale mantle on which darker spotting is particularly obvious. The respiratory pore is white-rimmed, more clearly marked in darkly pigmented specimens. The sole in most specimens is translucent grey and paler than upper body pigments. Pedal and body mucus is colourless. Internally D. invadens has a rounded, compact penis with two fairly symmetrical, slightly elongate and inturned, ‘side pockets’ comprising the penial caecum and penial lobe (see Reise et al., 2011).
Oats (Avena sativa)
Resources
FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS www.plantwise.org Created in India , October 2013 Chickpea Wilt Recognize the problem Chickpea wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris is one of the major yield limiting factors in chickpea and is also known as “ Mar disease ” in Marathi. The disease causes 10–90% yield losses annually in chickpea. When the disease occurs at seedling stage, seedlings collapse and lie flat on the soil surface. In adult plants, the characteristic symptom is a brown to black discoloration of the xylem...
FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS www.plantwise.org Created in Afghanistan , October 2012 Sunn Pest of Wheat Recognize the problem The Sunn pest is a dusty brown insect that is found all over Afghanistan especially on wheat, barley and oat crops. After hatching from an egg, it has five growth stages and four of them feed on wheat. Their eggs are green and are laid in groups. Adults have a typical triangular head. Background Sunn pests damage the entire crop yield. Wheat crops infested with Sunn pests are not suitable for consumption or making bread as they...
Winter cereals* insect pest management Northern grains region *Winter ce reals include wheat, barley, oats, canary and triticale.Compiled by Melina Miles, July 2013 This publication has been compiled by Melina Miles of Crop and Food Science, Queensland Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, and draws on previous publications and original research by DPI Entomologists over a number of decades. DAFF and GRDC funding for the IPM Workshops project (DAQ00179) has assisted the preparation of this public ation. Front ...
06/15 CONTENTS This bulletin is a companion to SARE’s Cover Crop Topic Room, an online collection of select, mostly SARE-based resources on cover crops. Information is available at www.SARE.org/Cover-Crops on the following topics: Selection and ManageMent econoMicS eStabliShMent no-till Soil and Fertility ManageMent Water ManageMent PeSt ManageMent croP rotationS MiScellaneouS SARE’s Topic Rooms contain dozens of publications, videos and other educational materials on a wide range of topics, including local food systems, high tunnels, small ruminants and more. Visit...
SYMPTOMS AND DETECTION | VARIETAL RESISTANCE OR TOLERANCE | MANAGEMENT OF NEMATODES | TESTING FOR ROOT-LESION NEMATODES WESTERN SEPTEMBER 2018 SECTION 8 NEMATODE MANAGEMENT BARLEY 1 NEMAtoDE MANAgEMENt seCtIon 8 BARLEY WESTERN JUNE 2017 Nematode management Root-lesion nemtodes (RLN; Pratylenchus spp.) are microscopic, worm-like animals that extract nutrients from plants, causing yield loss. 1 Root-lesion nematodes are found over 5.74 million hectares (or ~65%) of the cropping area of WA and populations potentially limit yield in at least 40% of these infested paddocks...
SEED TREATMENTS | TIME OF SOWING | TARGETED PLANT POPULATION | ROW SPACING | SOWING DEPTH | SOWING EQUIPMENT WESTERN SEPTEMBER 2018 SECTION 3 PLANTING BARLEY1 PlANtINg seCtIon 3 BARLEY JUNE 2017 Planting Barley is very versatile in its planting time and can be planted relatively early in the season. Preferred planting times are from late April to June but this will vary for each region and variety depending on frosts and seasonal effects. Early planting in late April to early May will generally produce higher yields, larger grain size and lower protein levels, making...
SEED TREATMENTS | TIME OF SOWING | RETAINED SEED | TARGETED PLANT POPULATION | ROW SPACING | SOWING DEPTH | SEED PLACEMENT | SOWING EQUIPMENT WESTERN SEPTEMBER 2018 SECTION 3 PLANTING CANOLA SECTION 3 CAnolA - Planting 1Know more. Grow more. August 2015 FeedbackTable of Contents SECTION 3 Planting 3.1 Seed treatments 3.1.1 Insecticide treatments Imidacloprid products, such as Gaucho® 600 or Picus, are registered for use on canola seed, for seedling protection against low pressure redlegged earth mite, blue oat mite and aphids. These chemicals work...
PLANNING AND PADDOCK PREPARATION PLANTING PLANT GROWTH (PHENOLOGY) NUTRITION AND FERTILISER DISEASES WEEDS AND HERBICIDES PESTS AND INSECTS FROST AND HEAT STRESS HARVEST GRAIN MARKETING CURRENT RESEARCH GRDC AND INDUSTRY CONTACTS WESTERN DURUM DECEMBER 2017 GROWNOTES TMii DURUM Start here for answers to your immediate durum crop management issues What variety of durum should I grow? What fertilisers do I require? Are the diseases of durum manageable? Are there specific weed control issues? How do I manage pests and insects? How do I market my durum grain? fi ffi( )...
WESTERN JUNE 2018 FROST OVERVIEW | STAGES OF FROST DAMAGE | MANAGING SOWING TIMES AND THE SEASON FOR FROST RISK | RISK MANAGEMENT TACTICS FOR FROST | RESEARCH AND THE GRDC NATIONAL FROST INITIATIVE (NFI) | HEAT STRESS SECTION 8 FROST AND HEAT STRESS DURUM1 frost and heat stress Section 8 DURUM frost and heat stress 8.1 frost overview On nights when still and cold air, clear skies and low humidity combine, temperatures can drop rapidly and result in radiant frost that can affect Western Australian crops. Damage can be significant when frost is severe, prolonged and/or occurs...
WESTERN JUNE 2018 CONTENTS DURUMiv Contents DURUM Contents Introduction A.1 Overview ........................................................................\ ...............................................1 A.2 Durum wheat economics and grain quality ........................................................... 3 A.3 Agronomic factors ........................................................................\ .............................. 4 A.4 Plant development and growth stages .................................................................. 5 A.5 Estimating grain yield...
PLANNING/PADDOCK PREPARATION PRE-PLANTING PLANTING PLANT GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND FERTILISER WEED CONTROL INSECT CONTROL NEMATODE MANAGEMENT DISEASES PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND CANOPY MANAGEMENT CROP DESICCATION AND SPRAY OUT HARVEST STORAGE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES MARKETING CURRENT AND PAST RESEARCH WESTERN FIELD PEAS AUGUST 2017 GROWNOTES ™DISCLAIMER: Any recommendations, suggestions or opinions contained in this publicati\ on do not necessarily represent the policy or views of the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC). No person should act on t\ he basis of...
WESTERN JUNE 2018 SECTION 9 PEST MANAGEMENT LENTIL KEY POINTS | INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) | IDENTIFYING PESTS | KEY PESTS OF LENTIL | OTHER PESTS OF LENTIL | OCCASIONAL PESTS OF LENTIL | EXOTIC LENTIL INSECTS – BIOSECURITY THREATS | BENEFICIAL SPECIES | COMMONLY USED REGISTERED INSECTICIDES1 pest management Section 9 LentiL June 2018 pest management Key points • the key pests of lentil in southern a ustralia are Helicoverpa punctigera (native budworm), etiella, snails, slugs, aphids, redlegged earth mite\ s and lucerne flea. • Integrated pest...
WESTERN JUNE 2018 CONTENTS LUPIN iv GROWNOTES WESTERN JUNE 2018 Contents Contents LUPIN Introduction A.1 Crop overview .............................................................................................................. 1 A.2 Types of lupin grown in WA ....................................................................................... 1 A.2.1 Narrow leafed lupin .................................................................................................... 1 A.2.2 Albus lupin...
OVERVIEW | ON-FARM USES FOR LUPIN | AQUACULTURE USES | GRAZING LUPIN STUBBLES | LUPIN FOR STOCK FEED MANUFACTURE | DAIRY – AN EMERGING MARKET FOR WA LUPIN GRAIN WESTERN JUNE 2018 SECTION 12 LUPIN AS A FEED SOURCE LUPIN1 lupin as a feed source Section 12 LUPIN July 2018 lupin as a feed source 12.1 overview It is estimated about half of Western Australia’s lupin grain production is retained on- farm for use as stock feed and planting seed. Lupin growers also trade grain on the domestic and export markets to supply the stock feed manufacturing sector. The bulk of this is...
WESTERN FEBRUARY 2016 CONTENTS OATSA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 iv February 2016 Feedback Table of Contents OATs - Contents A Introduction A.1 Hay ........................................................................\ .............................................xi A.2 Grain ........................................................................\ ......................................... xii A.3 Grazing ........................................................................\ ..................................... xii A.4 Exports...
SEED TREATMENTS | TIME OF SOWING | TARGETED PLANT POPULATION | CALCULATING SEED REQUIREMENTS | SOWING DEPTH WESTERN SECTION 3 PLANTING OATS FEBRUARY 2016A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SECTION 3 OATS - Planting 1 February 2016 Feedback Table of Contents SECTION 3 Planting 3.1 Seed treatments Seed dressing and in-furrow fungicides contain active ingredients for the control or suppression of seed-borne diseases and some fungal root rots in cereal crops. Information on fungicide active ingredients that are registered for wheat, barley, oat and...
DORMANCY AFFECTING GERMINATION AND EMERGENCE | PLANT GROWTH STAGES WESTERN SECTION 4 PLANT GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OATS FEBRUARY 2016A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SECTION 4 OATS - Plant growth and physiology 1 February 2016 Feedback Table of Contents SECTION 4 Plant growth and physiology 4.1 Dormancy affecting germination and emergence The dormant period is generally short in oats — from a few days to several weeks. 4.2 Plant growth stages A growth stage key provides farmers, advisers and researchers with a common reference for describing the...
HAY | GRAIN | GRAZING | EXPORTS | HEALTH BENEFITS WESTERN SECTION A INTRODUCTION OATS FEBRUARY 2016A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 x February 2016 Feedback Table of Contents SECTION A OATS - Introduction SECTION A Introduction Oats make up about one per cent of land use in Western Australia’s eastern wheatbelt. Most are used as opportunity hay crops or for stockfeed. There is a lack of agronomic research into growing oats in these lower-rainfall areas— but they offer diversification and profit potential. New oat agronomy research aims to expand...
CANOPY MANAGEMENT WESTERN SECTION 10 CANOPY MANAGEMENT OATS FEBRUARY 2016 A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SECTION 10 OATS - Canopy management 1Know more. Grow more. February 2016 FeedbackTable of Contents 10 SECTION 10 Canopy management 10.1 Canopy management Canopy management is the manipulation of the green surface area of the crop canopy to optimise crop yield and inputs. It is based on the premise that the crop’s canopy size and duration determine its photosynthetic capacity and therefore its overall grain productivity. Adopting...
Pages
Filter by related pathogen:
Farm practices:
Names
|
Oat Oats Hawer Hafer Avena Avoine Avoine farine Vanlig havre Havre Avena Avena blanca Aveia-doida Balanco Balanco-maior Balanquinho Tërshërë Owies zwyczajny Saat-Hafer Suli ჩვეულებრივი შვრია Coirce Tërshëra Avena sativa Sareen Aveia-comum Сулу Yến mạch Avea común Howan Obena Uots Afʊwanɩ காடைக்கண்ணி Обёос Hjouwer 귀리 燕麥 जई ཡུག་པོ། Avoenne Avin·ne Oves setý کاڕان Zob Iàn-be̍h Rólny wows ข้าวโอ๊ต Olo Kaer Һоло Avena جو دوسر Gîhagulî Ceirch שיבולת-שועל Almindelig havre ገረማ Овес посівний جوی Havre Екпе сұлы Oves জই Uvedzu Āte اکین یولافی Heewer Civada Kerc'h Haver Hafrar Зэнтхъ Авёс пасяўны ഓട്സ് Abrakzab جئی エンバク Oti Oat Beyaz yulaf Овас Sėjamoji aviža Avoine cultivée ತೋಕೆ ಗೋಧಿ Avwàn Ait شوفان ਜਵੀ Kutima aveno Avėža Таримал хошуу будаа Tarpuy awina 燕麦 Obična zob האבער යව Auzas Эбиэс Kaura Əkin yulafı Βρώμη వోట్ Игүле солы Овес Kaar Ovăz Hawwer Овёс посевной ओट Saat-Hafer |
Q&A
D. invadens is a small, agile slug that is native to the Mediterranean and has been recorded from at least 46 countries worldwide. Until 2011, this species was known as D. panormitanum but molecular work revealed that it comprised two distinct species. This species is similar in appearance to D. laeve and as a result, the exact distribution and impact of this species is unknown. This is a particular problem in countries such as the USA and Australia and probably also in South America. D. invadens is regarded as a significant pest of agricultural crops in New Zealand (Barker, 1999) but is highly likely to be damaging in many other countries as well. References to slug damage in agricultural crops by D. laeve are very likely to refer to D. invadens. In addition to this, D. invadens is an aggressive slug which may compete with native slugs, decreasing biodiversity.
D. invadens is a generalist slug and has been recorded causing agricultural damage to crops. Examples of these species include;Asparagus officinalis, Avena sativa, Brassica napus, B. oleracea, B. rapa, Cucurbita maxima, C. pepo, Daucus carota, Franaria vesca, Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa, Solanum tuberosum, Triticum aestivum and T. durum.
Source: cabi.org
The following description is from the Flora of China Editorial Committee (2016)
Erechtites hieraciifolius is a fast-growing, annual herb that is native to North, Central and South America and the Caribbean. It is recorded as an environmental and agricultural weed in areas both within and outside its native distribution. Mature plants can produce large amounts of wind-dispersed seed, facilitating the colonisation of new areas. It is adapted to grow in a wide range of disturbed anthropogenic habitats and can outcompete other species to form dense populations. It may also spread as a seed contaminant of crops. Currently, it is listed as invasive in Hong Kong, Hawaii, the Galapagos Islands, French Polynesia, Palau, US Minor Outlying Islands, New Zealand and Hungary. It is also considered a potential weed in Australia, where it is under quarantine.
E. hieraciifolius has been listed as a weed of the following crops: oat (Avena sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), strawberry (Fragaria ananassa), onion (Allium cepa), carrot (Daucus carota), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum);it is also a weed of fodder crops (e.g. Medicago sativa) and of mixed pastures (Darbyshire et al., 2012).
Source: cabi.org