Pinus brutia

Calabrian pine - the "Lone Pine", is a prominent landmark tree at an ANZAC First World War battle at Gallipoli. Cones from the battlefield were taken home to Australia. It is widely planted for timber. It is drought-tolerant, with fire resistant cones allowing it to successfully colonize dry, abandoned and burnt areas. As a carbon farming solutions plant it is a good hydrocarbon Industrial Crop.

Pinus brutia is an evergreen Tree growing to 30 m by 25 m at a fast rate.
It is hardy to zone 8. The flowers are pollinated by Wind.
Suitable for: light , medium and heavy soils, prefers well-drained soil and can grow in nutritionally poor soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic soils and can grow in very acid and saline soils.
It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers dry or moist soil and can tolerate drought. The plant can tolerate maritime exposure.

Industrial Crop: Hydrocarbon Management: Standard Regional Timber
Climate: Mediterranean. Humidity: semi-arid. Pinus brutia has a near-coastal natural distribution which coincides with the Mediterranean climate characterized by cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. It is a moderately cold-hardy plant, able to tolerate temperatures down to around -15°c when fully dormant. Established plants are drought tolerant. The plant regenerates after fire by seed dispersal and can successfully invade maquis vegetation when this does not burn for several years. In contrast with planted forests, natural forests of Pinus brutia have a diverse undergrowth of shrubs and herbs and form important habitat for wildlife. Pinus brutia has been planted extensively in countries around the eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea as it is the easiest pine to grow in the Mediterranean climate. Pinus brutia forms natural hybrids with its close congener Pinus halepensis where the two species are sympatric in Turkey, with matings successful only when Pinus halepensis is the pollen donor and Pinus brutia is the female parent. The seed cones are - 8cm wide, ripening a shiny red-brown in spring two years after pollination. They open to release their seed the same summer or 1 - 2 years later, though the seeds are often not shed till winter rain softens the scales. The seeds are grey-brown, 7-8 × 5mm with a broad, auricled 15-20 × 10 mm wing. Carbon Farming Solutions - Cultivation: regional timber. Management: standard .