A grass species originated in Southeast Asia, Saccharum officinarum or Sugarcane is a perennial clump-forming plant reaching a height of up to 5m. The leaves are green, alternate, linear, and elongated with internodes, thick midribs, and saw-toothed edges. The leaf ash is used against sore eyes while stem juice is against sore throats, snake bites, and wounds from poison arrows. Leaf decoction, on the other hand, is used in the treatment of urinary conditions. The stems contains a very sweet sap which can be consumed as a drink, made into syrups, or dried to make sugar and molasses among others. It can also be manufactured into alcohol for used as a fuel in combustion engines. The stem also produces wax which can be used in the production of furniture, shoe, leather polishes, electrical insulating material, and waxed paper. Furthermore, the stem yields fiber used for paper-making. Cane residue once sugar is extracted is known as bagasse. It is used as a fuel and for manufacturing paper pulp, plastic, fiberboard, etc.
Saccharum officinarum is a PERENNIAL growing to 6 m by 1.5 m at a fast rate.
It is hardy to zone 9.
It can fix Nitrogen.
Suitable for: light , medium and heavy soils and prefers well-drained soil. Suitable pH: acid, neutral and basic soils and can grow in very acid and saline soils.
It cannot grow in the shade. It prefers moist or wet soil.
Agroforestry Services: Nitrogen Fodder: Bank Global Crop Industrial Crop: Biomass Industrial Crop: Wax Management: Hay Other Systems: Dyke-pond Other Systems: Homegarden Staple Crop: Sugar
Most commercial sugarcane is grown at latitudes between 35N and S in the tropics, usually at elevations from sea level to 1,600 metres. The plant grows best in areas where the mean annual rainfall is in the range 1,500 - 2,000mm, tolerating 1,000 - 5,000mm. It prefers a mean annual temperature within the range 24 - 37c, though can tolerate 15 - 41c. There are large differences between different cultivars in their tolerance to cold and susceptibility to frost. Generally, long-term exposure to temperatures below 10c can be lethal, whilst even short periods at 0?c causes the leaves to become chlorotic, at about -3c young plants turn brown and the terminal buds and leaves of mature cane die, when the temperature reaches -11.5c the whole plant dies. Grows best in a sunny position. A very greedy plant, soon exhausting the soil of nutrients. The plant is considered to be moderately tolerant to saline soil conditions and relatively tolerant of acid soils. Grows best in a position sheltered from strong winds. Prefers a pH in the range 5 - 8, but can tolerate 4.5 - 9. Well-grown plants can become invasive. When irrigated, yields of 100 - 150 tons of cane can be obtained from mature plants. Young plants can yield 60 - 90 tons. There are many named varieties. The roots develop from the growth ring on the original planting piece and also from the new shoots that develop. The majority of the roots are thin and superficial with four fifths of the roots commonly found in the top 25 - 50cm of the soil. Thicker roots will penetrate to depths of 4 metres or more. Flowering Time: Late Winter/Early Spring. Bloom Color: White/Near White.
Resources
argentineStemWeevil
Figure 1. Lateral dorsal and ventral views of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel).
Scale bar =1 mm Image © FeraArgentine stem weevil
Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel)
https://planthealthportal.defra.gov.uk/assets/factsheets/argentineStemWeevil.pdfargentineStemWeevilargentineStemWeevil
Figure 1. Lateral dorsal and ventral views of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel).
UK Plant Health Information Portal
Scale bar =1 mm Image © Fera
Argentine stem weevil
Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel)Avoid ratooning for the control of sugarcane whipsmut
FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS
Cabi Plantwise Knowledge Bank
www.plantwise.orgCreated in Pakistan, June 2014
Avoid Ratooning for the control of sugarcane whipsmutAvoid Ratooning for the control of sugarcane whipsmut
FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS
www.plantwise.orgCreated in Pakistan, June 2014
Cabi Plantwise Knowledge Bankhttps://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/factsheetforfarmers/20157800243Avoid Ratooning for the control of sugarcane whipsmutBiocontrol of sugarcane stem borer
FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS
Cabi Plantwise Knowledge Bank
www.plantwise.orgCreated in Pakistan, June 2014
Biocontrol of Sugarcane stem borer
Recognize the problemBiocontrol of Sugarcane stem borer
FACTSHEETS FOR FARMERS
www.plantwise.orgCreated in Pakistan, June 2014
Cabi Plantwise Knowledge Bankhttps://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/factsheetforfarmers/20157800244Biocontrol of Sugarcane stem borer
Major pests
- Acanthospermum hispidum
Aceria sacchari
Achlysiella williamsi
Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae
Aclerda takahashii
Acromyrmex octospinosus
Acropyga marshalli
Adoretus compressus
Adoretus versutus
Aeneolamia contigua
Aeneolamia flavilatera
Aeneolamia varia
Agrotis interjectionis
Agrotis ipsilon
Agrotis repleta
Agrypnus variabilis
Alectra fulminensis
Aleurolobus barodensis
Algedonia coclesalis
Alissonotum impressicolle
Alissonotum pauper
Amaranthus spinosus
Amblypelta cocophaga
Amblytropidia trinitatis
Anaphothrips sudanensis
Anicla infecta
Antonina graminis
Apogonia destructor
Araecerus fasciculatus
Aspidiella sacchari
Athelia rolfsii
Atta
Atta cephalotes
Atta insularis
Atta laevigata
Atta sexdens
Aulacaspis tegalensis
Automeris illustris
Bathytricha truncata
Bidens pilosa
Bipolaris sacchari
Bird pests
Blastobasis graminea
Blissus leucopterus
Boerhavia diffusa
Borreria latifolia
Brevennia rehi
Bucrates capitata
Cactodera cacti
Caecilius casarum
Caligo ilioneus
Callisto pulchella
Callitettix versicolor
Castniomera licus
Cavelerius excavatus
Cavelerius saccharivorus
Cenchrus echinatus
Ceratocystis paradoxa
Ceratovacuna lanigera
Cercospora longipes
Chilo auricilius
Chilo infuscatellus
Chilo orichalcociliellus
Chilo partellus
Chilo polychrysus
Chilo sacchariphagus
Chilo terrenellus
Chilo tumidicostalis
Chloris barbata
Chlorophorus annularis
Chlorotettix minimus
Chondracris rosea
Chromolaena odorata
Chrysodeixis includens
Cintractia pulverulenta
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis
Cleome rutidosperma
Cleome viscosa
Cochliobolus stenospilus
Cofana spectra
Commelina benghalensis
Commelina diffusa
Compsus serrans
Conyza canadensis
Coptotermes
Coptotermes acinaciformis
Coptotermes havilandi
Coptotermes heimi
Corythuca gossypii
Cosmopterix dulcivora
Cosmopterix pallidifasciella
Criconemella
Cyclocephala amazona signata
Cynodon dactylon
Cyperus compressus
Cyperus difformis
Cyperus esculentus
Cyperus rotundus
Dactyloctenium aegyptium
Datura stramonium
Deightoniella pauana
Delassor tristis
Desmostachya bipinnata
Diaprepes abbreviatus
Diaprepes famelicus
Diaprepes spengleri
Diatraea albicrinella
Diatraea busckella
Diatraea centrella
Diatraea grandiosella
Diatraea impersonatella
Diatraea indigenella
Diatraea lineolata
Diatraea rosa
Diatraea saccharalis
Dichanthium caricosum
Dicranoctetes saccharella
Digitaria abyssinica
Digitaria longiflora
Digitaria sanguinalis
Discophora celinde
Dorysthenes buqueti
Draeculacephala mollipes
Dreata petola
Drymaria cordata
Dyscinetus dubius
Dyscinetus picipes
Dysmicoccus boninsis
Dysmicoccus brevipes
Earias insulana
Echinochloa crus-galli
Echinochloa pyramidalis
Elasmopalpus lignosellus
Eldana saccharina
Eleusine indica
Eoreuma loftini
Euetheola bidentata
Euphorbia helioscopia
Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbia hirta
Euphorbia hypericifolia
Euproctis minor
Euproctis virguncula
Euproctis xanthorrhoea
Euxesta eluta
Exophthalmus vittatus
Feltia subterranea
Fiji disease virus
Frankliniella williamsi
Fulmekiola serrata
Gibberella fujikuroi
Gibberella sacchari
Glomerella tucumanensis
Glyptoscelis aeneipennis
Haplaxius crudus
Haplothrips aculeatus
Helicotylenchus dihystera
Helicotylenchus erythrinae
Heliotropium europaeum
Heliotropium indicum
Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans
Hercinothrips femoralis
Heterodera sacchari
Heteronychus licas
Heterotermes cardini
Heterotermes convexinotatus
Heterotermes philippinensis
Heterotermes tenuis
Hieroglyphus banian
Holotrichia consanguinea
Holotrichia serrata
Holotrichia sinensis
Hoplolaimus seinhorsti
Hortensia similis
Hymenachne amplexicaulis
Hypomeces squamosus
Hysteroneura setariae
Iguana iguana
Indian sugarcane yellow leaf phytoplasma
Ipomoea triloba
Ischaemum rugosum
Kiritshenkella sacchari
Kyllinga polyphylla
Lachnopus aurifer
Lachnosterna jamaicensis
Laelia suffusa
Lantana camara
Leersia hexandra
Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli
Lepidiota discedens
Lepidiota stigma
Leptochloa chinensis
Leptodictya tabida
Leptostylopsis assimilis
Leucophlebia lineata
Leucopholis lepidophora
Ligniera vasculorum
Ligyrus cuniculus
Ligyrus ebenus
Locusta migratoria
Longidorus
Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrotermes barneyi
Macrotermes gilvus
Macrotermes spp.
Macruropyxis fulva
Mahanarva fimbriolata
Marasmia trapezalis
Marasmius sacchari
Mastotermes darwiniensis
Megathyrsus maximus
Melanaphis sacchari
Melanaspis glomerata
Melanotus communis
Melanotus tamsuyensis
Melilotus indica
Melinis minutiflora
Meloidogyne arenaria
Meloidogyne exigua
Merremia aegyptia
Merremia cissoides
Merremia umbellata
Metamasius hemipterus
Microtermes
Microtermes obesi
Mikania micrantha
Mimosa diplotricha
Mimosa pudica
Mocis frugalis
Mocis latipes
Momordica charantia
Monomorium carbonarium subsp. ebenium
Monomorium destructor
Monomorium floricola
Moorochloa eruciformis
Murdannia nudiflora
Mus musculus
Mycalesis horsfieldi
Mycosphaerella holci
Myochrous armatus
Mythimna humidicola
Mythimna latiuscula
Mythimna loreyi
Mythimna microgonia
Mythimna salita
Mythimna separata
Mythimna unipuncta
Myzus persicae
Nasutitermes corniger
Nasutitermes costalis
Nasutitermes nigriceps
Nasutitermes rippertii
Neoconocephalus maxillosus
Neoconocephalus triops
Neocurtilla hexadactyla
Neodecadarchis flavistriata
Nigrospora sacchari
Nola sorghiella
Nomadacris septemfasciata
Nyctelius nyctelius
Odontotermes assmuthi
Odontotermes formosanus
Odontotermes takensis
Oliarus maidis
Oligonychus pratensis
Omiodes accepta
Omolicna cubana
Opogona sacchari
Orphulella punctata
Oxalis latifolia
Paederia foetida
Panicum repens
Panoquina nero
Panoquina sylvicola
Paratrechina longicornis
Paratrichodorus porosus
Parnara guttatus
Parthenium hysterophorus
Passalora koepkei
Passalora vaginae
Passiflora foetida
Patanga succincta
Pennisetum purpureum
Perkinsiella saccharicida
Perkinsiella vastatrix
Peronosclerospora sacchari
Peronosclerospora spontanea
Phaenacantha saccharicida
Phaeocytostroma sacchari
Phalera combusta
Phlugis teres
Phragmataecia castaneae
Phragmites australis
Phthia picta
Phyllophaga
Phyllophaga antiguae
Phyllophaga helleri
Phyllophaga plaei
Phyllophaga smithi
Phyllophaga subnitida
Phyllophaga vandinei
Phytophthora erythroseptica var. erythroseptica
Planococcus kenyae
Poa annua
Podischnus agenor
Polygonum aviculare
Polygonum hydropiper
Polyocha depressella
Pratylenchus brachyurus
Pratylenchus penetrans
Pratylenchus zeae
Prosapia bicincta basalis
Protaetia fusca
Protalebrella brasiliensis
Psalis pennatula
Pseudacanthotermes militaris
Pseudomonas syringae pv. lapsa
Puccinia erythropus
Puccinia kuehnii
Puccinia melanocephala
Pycnoderes quadrimaculatus
Pyrilla perpusilla
Pythium arrhenomanes
Pythium graminicola
Radopholus similis
Raphanus raphanistrum
Rattus exulans
Rattus norvegicus
Rattus rattus
Reticulitermes flavipes
Reticulitermes speratus
Rhabdoscelus obscurus
Rhizoecus epicopus
Rhopalosiphum padi
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis
Rhynchophorus palmarum
Richardia brasiliensis
Rottboellia cochinchinensis
Rotylenchulus parvus
Saccharicoccus sacchari
Saccharipulvinaria iceryi
Saccharosydne saccharivora
Saccharum spontaneum
Scapteriscus
Scapteriscus didactylus
Scapteriscus variegatus
Schistocerca americana
Schistocerca cancellata
Schistocerca columbina
Schistocerca gregaria
Schistocerca nitens
Scirpophaga excerptalis
Sclerophthora macrospora
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Senna obtusifolia
Sepiomus sp.
Sesamia calamistis
Sesamia cretica
Sesamia inferens
Sesamia nonagrioides
Sesamia sp.
Setaria parviflora
Setaria pumila
Setaria verticillata
Sida acuta
Sigmodon
Sigmodon hispidus
Sipha flava
Solanum nigrum
Sorghum halepense
Sorosporium indicum
Spermacoce verticillata
Sphacelotheca erianthi
Sphacelotheca macrospora
Sphacelotheca sacchari
Spodoptera exempta
Spodoptera frugiperda
Spodoptera littoralis
Spodoptera mauritia
Sporisorium sacchari
Sporisorium scitamineum
Stagonospora sacchari
Steneotarsonemus bancrofti
Strategus aloeus
Strategus barbigerus
Strategus simson
Striga angustifolia
Striga asiatica
Striga densiflora
Striga hermonthica
Sugarcane bacilliform virus
Sugarcane chlorotic streak virus
Sugarcane mosaic virus
Sugarcane Ramu stunt disease
Sugarcane sereh disease
Sugarcane streak mosaic virus
Sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma
Sugarcane yellow leaf phytoplasma
Sugarcane yellow leaf virus
Systena basalis
Systena s-littera
Tagetes minuta
Tetramoera schistaceana
Thosea sijthoffi
Trianthema portulacastrum
Trichodorus
Tridax procumbens
Trionymus radicicola
Tylenchorhynchus annulatus
Tylenchorhynchus claytoni
Typophorus nigritus
Urochloa plantaginea
Valanga nigricornis
Xanthium strumarium
Xanthomonas albilineans
Xanthomonas axonopodis
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum
Xiphinema
Xiphinema americanum
Xyleborus affinis
Xylotrupes gideon
Minor pests
- Acrida cinerea
Ageratum conyzoides
Anagallis arvensis
Aphelenchoides arachidis
Aphis gossypii
Aphis spiraecola
Aponychus corpuzae
Argemone mexicana
Aspergillus niger
Asphodelus tenuifolius
Aspidiotus destructor
Avena fatua
Balclutha rubrostriata
Barley yellow dwarf viruses
Belonolaimus longicaudatus
Busseola fusca
Chalara elegans
Chenopodium album
Chnootriba similis
Cicadulina mbila
Citrus yellow mosaic virus
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Cochliobolus lunatus
Cochliobolus sativus
Coptotermes formosanus
Cryptoblabes gnidiella
Curvularia
Dickeya chrysanthemi
Dickeya zeae
Dicladispa armigera
Digitaria insularis
Dinoderus minutus
Echinochloa colona
Emilia sonchifolia
Exomala orientalis
Ferrisia virgata
Fimbristylis littoralis
Fumaria officinalis
Fusarium oxysporum
Globisporangium debaryanum
Gloeocercospora sorghi
Helicotylenchus multicinctus
Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus
Hemicriconemoides mangiferae
Hemicycliophora arenaria
Heteronychus arator
Hirschmanniella oryzae
Hoplolaimus indicus
Hoplolaimus pararobustus
Hyperomyzus lactucae
Hyptis brevipes
Imperata cylindrica
Insignorthezia insignis
Ischaemum timorense
Khuskia oryzae
Kyllinga brevifolia
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Lolium multiflorum
Ludwigia hyssopifolia
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
Maize chlorotic mottle virus
Maize dwarf mosaic virus
Maize streak virus
Maize stripe virus
Melanitis leda ismene
Meloidogyne ethiopica
Meloidogyne incognita
Meloidogyne javanica
Nephotettix nigropictus
Oedaleus senegalensis
Oryctes monoceros
Oryctes rhinoceros
Ostrinia furnacalis
Oxalis corniculata
Passiflora suberosa
Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Pelopidas mathias
Penicillium aurantiogriseum
Pennisetum clandestinum
Peregrinus maidis
Peronosclerospora philippinensis
Phytophthora megasperma
Planococcus citri
Portulaca oleracea
Pratylenchus loosi
Pratylenchus thornei
Pulvinaria taenuivalvata
Pythium myriotylum
Rattus rattus mindanensis
Rattus tiomanicus wood rat
Recilia dorsalis
Rhopalosiphum maidis
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Rotylenchulus reniformis
Rumex crispus
Sclerospora graminicola
Scutellonema brachyurus
Selenaspidus articulatus
Sesamia grisescens
Sitobion miscanthi
Solanum viarum
Sonchus arvensis
Spodoptera mauritia acronyctoides
Sporisorium cruentum
Stellaria media
Stenchaetothrips biformis
Sybra alternans
Tribulus terrestris
Tylenchorhynchus acutus
Urophorus humeralis
Urtica urens
Xyleborus perforans
Xyleborus volvulus
Xylosandrus crassiusculus