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Annual herb, to 80 (-150) cm tall. Stems unbranched or more commonly few-branched. Leaves petiolate or distal ones sessile;petioles to 1.5 cm, narrowly winged;blade 1.5-5 × 1-1.5(4) cm, obovate or less often elliptic or ovate, base cuneate, apex acute to obtuse, lower surface pilose, usually glandular. Inflorescence of 5 to numerous heads, 13-20-flowered;involucre 2.5-3 mm long;outer phyllaries much reduced, inner phyllaries subequal. Corolla 3-4 mm, exserted 1.5-2 mm from involucre, the tube long and narrow, 2-3 mm, the limbs short, pilose. Achenes 1.2–2 mm long, subfusiform, terete not ribbed, inner pappus white, exserted from involucre and nearly as long as the corollas (Funk and Pruski, 1996).

Related invasive species

  • Cyanthillium cinereum

Related Farm Practice

  • Hosts
Impact

C. cinereum is a cosmopolitan weed common in disturbed areas in tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Randall, 2012). It is a fast-growing, annual herb with the capacity to form dense patches in gardens, roadsides, waste grounds and pasture (Holm et al., 1997). Currently, this species is considered invasive in many islands in the Pacific Ocean (e.g. Hawaii, Fiji, French Polynesia and Micronesia), New Zealand, Singapore, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Galápagos Islands, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands (see distribution table for details;Chong et al., 2009;Chacon and Saborio, 2012;González-Torres et al., 2012;PIER, 2013).

Has Cabi datasheet ID
113702
Hosts

C. cinereum is reported as a weed in 27 crops in 47 countries (Holm et al., 1997).
Serious weed in:
sugarcane, cotton, groundnuts and wheat in India
pastures in Australia, India, Nigeria and Thailand
rice in Philippines;
taro in Samoa.
Common weed in:
banana in Surinam and Tonga
cassava in Surinam
cocoa in Indonesia
citrus in Surinam
cotton in the Philippines
maize in India
oil palm in Surinam
pastures in Australia, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and Jamaica
pineapple in Hawaii
rice in Surinam, India, Indonesia and Sri Lanka
rubber in Indonesia and Thailand
sugarcane in Bangladesh, Hawaii, and the Philippines
taro in Tonga
tea in India and Indonesia
vegetables in Surinam and Thailand
Unranked weed in:
abaca (Musa textilis) in the Philippines
cocoa in Dominican Republic
cassava in India, Indonesia, and Nigeria
coconut in Sri Lanka and Surinam
coffee in Dominican Republic
cotton in Mozambique and Tanzania
legumes and tomatoes in the Philippines
macadamia nut in Hawaii
maize in Cambodia, Gambia, Indonesia, Nigeria, the Philippines and Zambia
pastures in the Philippines
groundnuts in Indonesia and Nigeria
rice in Laos, Thailand and Vietnam
rubber and tea in Sri Lanka
sugarcane in British Guiana, Dominican Republic, Laos and Vietnam
tobacco in the Philippines
Host Plants and Other Plants Affected
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Plant name|Family|Context
Ananas comosus (pineapple)|Bromeliaceae
Arachis hypogaea (groundnut)|Fabaceae
Citrus|Rutaceae
Cocos nucifera (coconut)|Arecaceae
Coffea arabica (arabica coffee)|Rubiaceae
Colocasia esculenta (taro)|Araceae
Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm)|Arecaceae
Gossypium (cotton)|Malvaceae
Hevea brasiliensis (rubber)|Euphorbiaceae
Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia nut)|Proteaceae
Manihot esculenta (cassava)|Euphorbiaceae
Musa (banana)|Musaceae
Nicotiana|Solanaceae
Oryza sativa (rice)|Poaceae
Saccharum|Poaceae
Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)|Solanaceae
Theobroma cacao (cocoa)|Malvaceae
Triticum (wheat)|Poaceae
Zea mays (maize)|Poaceae
Growth Stages
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Flowering stage, Vegetative growing stage
Biology and Ecology
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Genetics
C. cinereum plants are diploid with a chromosome number of 2 n = 18 (Holm et al., 1997;Pruski 2013).
Reproductive Biology
Flowers in C. cinereum are pollinated by wind. Probably the most common reproduction system in this genus is allogamy with a sporophytic self-incompatibility (Holm et al., 1997;Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2012).
Physiology and Phenology
C. cinereum is an annual herb and under favourable environmental conditions it produces flowers and seeds for many months (Holm et al., 1997;Flora of China Editorial Committee, 2012).
Environmental Requirements
C. cinereum usually grows as a weed, thus it needs full sunlight and moderate water availability to grow. It prefers sandy-loam soils but can be found growing on a range of soils with pH ranging from 4 to 6. It is able to tolerate semiarid conditions as well as partial salinity conditions (PROTA4U, 2013).

Oss tagged
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