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Cytoplasmic inclusion bodies typical of other caulimoviruses have been reported in the vascular parenchyma and mesophyll cells of infected plants (Kaname, 1975;Kitajima et al., 1973;Frazier and Converse, 1980;Morris et al., 1980). Isolated virions ca 50 nm in diameter were also found in phloem parenchyma cells of symptomatic Fragaria vesca indicator clones (Fránová-Honetslegrová et al., 1999). Native viral DNA is circular and double-stranded with two single-stranded discontinuities (Stenger et al., 1988). It contains 7876 nucleotides (Petrzik et al., 1998b). Seven open reading frames potentially code for proteins of 37.8;18.3;16.6;56.0;81.1;59.0 and 12.6 kDa.

Recoginition


Visual examination of the symptoms of SVBV on commercial cultivars on strawberry is not reliable.

Related invasive species

  • Strawberry vein banding virus

Related Farm Practice

  • Host plants
Has Cabi datasheet ID
52407
Symptons


Clear banding pattern along main and secondary veins is induced on F. vesca clones if SVBV is present alone in host plants. Usually SVBV occurs in strawberries in a complex with other diseases, which mask or intensify the vein banding pattern (Frazier and Morris, 1987).
Symptoms initially appear on the youngest developing leaf;there is epinasty of midribs and petioles, a tendency for opposite halves of leaflets to be appressed, irregular, wavy leaflet margins, and slight crinkling of the laminae. Usually, these symptoms are mild and are not all present simultaneously. It is not until the affected leaf expands that clearing, followed by yellowish banding of some or all of the veins, becomes visible. Often, this coloration occurs in scattered discontinuous streaks of varying lengths along the main and secondary veins.
The second and third leaves formed after symptom onset are affected more severely than the first or any subsequent leaf;in older leaves, chlorotic streaks are reduced in number, scattered and confined to portions of the leaflets. This may be followed by the appearance of a series of apparently healthy leaves and then reappearance of mild or severe symptoms (Frazier, 1955;Mellor and Fitzpatrick, 1961;Miller and Frazier, 1970;Smith, 1972).
On commercial strawberries, there are no very diagnostic symptoms but, if strawberry latent C disease is also present, the reaction to infection is intermediate to that on Fragaria vesca (EPPO/ CABI, 1996). In cv. Marshall, for example, the veinbanding is usually diffuse, commonly located along the main veins and may often appear as spots. As affected leaves mature, the veinbanded areas may gradually disappear, or they may become brownish-red or necrotic. On outdoor plants especially, the veins become discoloured, without previous chlorosis. Affected leaflets characteristically exhibit epinasty, mild crinkling and wavy margins.
SVBV usually does not induce distinct symptoms in commercial cultivars, and often the only indications of infection are loss of vigour, stunting, lowered yields, and general 'running out' of a cultivar. SVBV rarely occurs singly in strawberry;frequently several viruses are present, and together they cause more severe reductions of productivity and fruit quality (Spiegel and Martin, 1998).

Hosts


SVBV is known to occur only on species of Fragaria. The main host is Fragaria vesca (wild strawberry). Commercial strawberries may also be infected, but diagnostic symptoms are usually only apparent when Strawberry latent C virus is present simultaneously (EPPO/ CABI, 1996). The garden burnet (Sanguisorba minor) has been established as a symptomless experimental host by graft inoculation and by the dark strawberry aphid vector Chaetosiphon jacobi (Mullin et al., 1980).

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