Photo 1 . S p ots , r o und t o ir re gu la r w it h w id e
dark m arg in s, o n t h e u pper s u rfa ce o f b ele
ca u se d b y le af m ould ,
Pse u doce rc o sp ora
ab elm osch i.
Photo 2 . U nder s u rfa ce o f b ele le af c o vere d
by s p oru la tin g in fe ctio ns o f le af m ould ,
Pse u doce rc o sp ora a b elm osch i.
Photo 3 . U pper s u rfa ce o f o kra le af s h ow in g
dark p atc h es o f
Pse u doce rc o sp ora a b elm osch i
.
Photo 4 . L eaf m ould ,
Pse u doce rc o sp ora
ab elm osch i.
Patc h es jo in in g t o geth er a n d
fo rm in g s p ore s o n t h e u nders id e o f a n o kra
le af.
P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets
P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets
B ele ( A belm osch us) le af b lo tc h ( 3 22)
B ele ( A belm osch us) le af b lo tc h ( 3 22)
C om mon N am e
C om mon N am e
L e af m ould , le af b lo tc h
S cie n tif ic N am e
S cie n tif ic N am e
Pse u doce rc o sp ora a b elm osch i
; p re vio usly
Cerc o sp ora a b elm osch i
, O id iu m a b elm osch i.
D is tr ib utio n
D is tr ib utio n
W orld w id e. In t r o pic a l a n d w arm t e m pera te c o untr ie s. A sia , A fr ic a , N orth , S o uth a n d C en tr a l A m eric a , t h e
C arib bean , O ce an ia . R eco rd ed f r o m A m eric a n S am oa, A ustr a lia , F iji, P ala u , S am oa, S o lo m on Is la n ds, T o nga, a n d
V an uatu .
H osts
H osts
Bele
(
aib ik a
, s lip eri k a b is , is la n d c a b bage),
Abelm osch us m an ih ot
. A ls o r e co rd ed o n o kra
(A belm osch us e scu le n tu s).
S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle
S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle
L e af s p ots a re c ir c u la r t o ir re gu la r, o ft e n lim it e d b y t h e v e in s, b ro w n w it h a b la ckis h b ro w n m arg in o n t h e u pper
l e af s u rfa ce ( P hoto 1 ), a n d p ale b ro w n m ould o n t h e u nders id e ( P hoto 2 ). O ft e n , s p ots d o n ot d eve lo p, in ste ad
t h ere a re s o oty , o liv e –b ro w n t o b la ckis h -b ro w n in dis tin ct a n gu la r le af b lo tc h es ( P hoto 3 ). S p ore s d eve lo p
p re d om in an tly o n t h e lo w er le af s u rfa ce ; t h e p atc h es w it h s p ore s m ay jo in t o geth er s o t h at f u ngal g ro w th c o ve rs
t h e w hole le af ( P hoto 2 & 4). S eve re ly a ffe cte d le ave s m ay b eco m e c h lo ro tic , r o lle d , w ilt e d , a n d f a ll t o t h e g ro und.
S p re ad is b y s p ore s b lo w n in t h e w in d. S u rv iv a l is in c ro p d eb ris .
I m pact
I m pact
T h e d is e ase is o nly o f m in or im porta n ce . It is m ostly o n o ld er le ave s a n d s o it is lik e ly t h at t h e im pact o n
bele
is
m in im al a s it is t h e y o ung le ave s t h at a re u se d a s a g re en s. H ow eve r, o n o kra t h e d is e ase m ay h ave g re ate r im pact.
I t is s a id t o b e s e rio us in B an gla d esh w here t h e u se o f f u ngic id es is s a id t o b e n eed ed t o b rin g a b out c o ntr o l.
D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n
D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n
L o ok f o r t h e p ale b ro w n s p ots w it h d is tin ct m arg in s o n t h e o ld er le ave s o n t h e u pper s u rfa ce ( b ele ), o r d ark
i n dis tin ct p atc h es ( o kra ). L o ok a t t h e u nders id e o f t h e le af t o s e e b la ckis h -b ro w n f u ngal g ro w th , s o m etim es
c o ve rin g t h e w hole le af.
M an agem en t
M an agem en t
C U LT U RAL C O NTR O L
B efo re p la n tin g:
Do n ot p la n t n ew c ro ps n ext t o t h ose t h at a re in fe cte d : s p ore s b lo w in g f r o m e xis tin g in fe cte d p la n ts a re a
majo r s o urc e o f in fe ctio n.
D urin g g ro w th :
Rem ove o ld er in fe cte d le ave s, a n d b urn t h em , w hen h arv e stin g y o ung le ave s
(b ele
) o r f r u it ( o kra ) f o r
co nsu m ptio n.
A ft e r h arv e st:
Colle ct a n d b urn o r b ury a s m uch o f t h e c ro p a s p ossib le a ft e r f in al h arv e sts .
Do n ot p la n t c ro ps o f b ele o r o kra o ne a ft e r a n oth er in t h e s a m e la n d; u se a r o ta tio n o f a t le ast 2 y e ars ,
ro ta tin g w it h o th er t y p es o f v e geta b le s.
C H EM IC AL C O NTR O L
If b le m is h -fr e e le ave s a re r e q uir e d , u se c o pper f u ngic id es o r m an co ze b .
A U TH ORS G ra h am e Ja ck so n & E ric M cK en zie
I n fo rm atio n f r o m
Pse u doce rco p so ra a b elm osch i
. E d it o r B ob M acfa rla n e. E co p ort:
http :/ /e co p ort.o rg /e p ?F u ngu s= 23085& en tit y Typ e=FU ****& en tit y D is p la yC ate gory =fu ll
http :/ /e co p ort.o rg /e p ?F u ngu s= 23085& en tit y Typ e=FU ****& en tit y D is p la yC ate gory =fu ll
. P h oto s 1 ,2 & 4 ( ta ken
b y E ric M cK en zie ), a n d u se d in t h is f a ct s h eet, a p peare d p re vio u sly in M cK en zie E ( 2 013)
P se u d oce rco sp ora a b elm osch i
PaD IL -
http :/ /w ww.p ad il.g ov.a u
http :/ /w ww.p ad il.g ov.a u
.
P ro d uce d w it h s u pport f r o m t h e A ustr a lia n C en tr e f o r I n te rn atio n al A gric u lt u ra l R ese arch u nder p ro je ct P C /2 010/0 90:
Str e n gth en in g in te gra te d c ro p m an agem en t r e se arch in t h e P acif ic I s la n ds in s u pport o f
su sta in ab le in te n sif ic a tio n o f h ig h -v alu e c ro p p ro d uctio n
, im ple m en te d b y t h e U niv ersit y o f Q ueen sla n d a n d t h e S ecre ta ria t o f t h e P acif ic C om munit y .
Th is f a ct s h eet is a p art o f t h e a p p
Pacif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s
Th e m obile a p plic a tio n is a va ila b le f r o m t h e G oogle P la y S to re a n d A pple iT u nes.
Andro id E d it io n
Andro id E d it io n
Apple iO S E d it io n
Apple iO S E d it io n
Copyrig h t © 2 017. A ll r ig h ts r e se rv ed .
