Photo 1 . R ots d evelo pin g o n a y o ung ja ck fru it
fru it c a u se d b y
Rhiz o pus s to lo nif e r
. Photo 2 . S p ore s f o rm in g o n a y o ung ja ck fru it
fru it in fe cte d b y
Rhiz o pus s to lo nif e r
. Photo 3 . L ate -s ta ge in fe ctio n o f ja ck fru it f ru it b y
Rhiz o pus s to lo nif e r
, s h ow in g t h e g ro ups o f
sp ore s (s p ora n gia ) o n lo ng s ta lk s
(s p ora n gio phore s).
Photo 4 . B la ck s p ore m asse s o n t o p o f lo ng
sta lk s (s p ora n gio phore s) o f
R hiz o pus s to lo nif e r.
P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets
P acif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s - F a ct S h eets
J a ck fr u it R hiz o pus r o t ( 3 24)
J a ck fr u it R hiz o pus r o t ( 3 24)
C om mon N am e
C om mon N am e
J a ckfr u it R hiz o pus f r u it r o t
S cie n tif ic N am e
S cie n tif ic N am e
Rhiz o pus s to lo nif e r
; p re vio us n am es a re
M uco r s to lif e r
, R hiz o pus a rto ca rp i
, R hiz o pus n ig ric a n s.
D is tr ib utio n
D is tr ib utio n
W orld w id e. In t h e t r o pic s a n d s u b-t r o pic s. It is r e p orte d f r o m C ook Is la n ds, F iji, F re n ch P oly n esia , N iu e, S am oa, a n d
S o lo m on Is la n ds
H osts
H osts
J a ckfr u it , a n d m an y o th er p la n ts a re h osts . T h e f u ngu s is c o m mon in t h e s o il o n p la n t d eb ris , a n d a ls o o n m an y
f r u it s ( p each , s tr a w berry ) a n d v e geta b le s a ft e r h arv e st, d urin g t r a n sp ort a n d in s to ra ge. In t h e P acif ic is la n ds,
Rhiz o pus
h as b een r e co rd ed o n s w eet p ota to , b re ad fr u it , p assio nfr u it , c it r u s ( m an darin a n d t a n gerin e), a n d
e ggp la n t.
S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle
S ym pto m s & L if e C ycle
R hiz o pus r o t is a c o m mon d is e ase o f ja ckfr u it f lo w ers a n d y o ung f r u it . It c a u se s a s o ft , w ate ry , b ro w n s p ot o n t h ef r u it ( P hoto 1 ) t h at s o on b eco m es c o ve re d in a g re y-b ro w n, la te r b la ck, f u rry m ould ( P hoto s 3 & 4). F ru it s ym pto m s
o ccu r o n t h e t r e e a n d in s to ra ge.
O n ja ckfr u it , it is a p rim ary p ath ogen , a ffe ctin g t h e f r u it s a t a ll s ta ges o f d eve lo pm en t w here as, o n m ost o th er f r u it s
a n d v e geta b le s,
Rhiz o pus
in fe cts t h ro ugh w ounds c a u se d b y in se cts a n d w eath er e ve n ts , o r t h ro ugh c ra cks c a u se d
b y a b norm al g ro w th . In fe ctio ns a ls o o ccu r a t t h e s te m e n d o f f r u it s w hen t h ey a re h arv e ste d .
I n t h e f ie ld , w arm , r a in y d ays f a vo ur t h e d is e ase , a n d h ig h t e m pera tu re s a n d h um id it ie s f a vo ur t h e d is e ase in
s to ra ge.
S p re ad is b y la rg e n um ber o f s p ore s in t h e a ir . S u rv iv a l o ccu rs a s t h ic k-w alle d s p ore s ( b la ck s p ore m asse s o n t o p o f
l o ng s ta lk s ( P hoto 4 ), in t h e s o il, o n p la n t d eb ris , a n d o n s e ed . T h e s p ore s c a n w it h sta n d lo ng p erio ds o f d ry in g a n d
c o ld . S eed in fe ctio n o ccu rs a ft e r d am age b y in se cts o r r o ts o f t h e s e ed h ead , o r f r u it .
I m pact
I m pact
P ro bab ly a m in or d is e ase o f lit tle e co nom ic im pact o n ja ckfr u it . H ow eve r, t o ta l lo ss o f f r u it a n d v e geta b le s c a n
o ccu r if t h ere a re lo ng p erio ds o f w arm , r a in y w eath er. In s to ra ge, d am age is lik e ly if h yg ie n e is p oor, a n d
t e m pera tu re s a n d h um id it ie s a re h ig h .
D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n
D ete ctio n & In sp ectio n
L o ok f o r t h e s o ft , r a p id ly d eve lo pm en t f r u it r o ts o n t h e t r e e o r in s to ra ge. L o ok f o r t h e g re y f u ngal g ro w th , t u rn in g
b la ck a s t h e s p ore s d eve lo p.
M an agem en t
M an agem en t
I n m ost in sta n ce s, m an agem en t w ill n ot b e r e q uir e d a s t h e im pact o f t h e d is e ase is lo w . If e n vir o nm en ta l c o ndit io ns
a re s u ch t h at t h ey f a vo ur t h e d is e ase , d o t h e f o llo w in g:
C U LT U RAL C O NTR O L
D urin g g ro w th :
Pru ne t h e t r e es s o t h at a ir t r a ve ls f r e ely t h ro ugh t h e c a n opy a n d t h e f r u it d rie s r a p id ly a ft e r r a in s.
Carry o ut h yg ie n e m easu re s: r e m ove in fe cte d f r u it s o f a ll a ges f r o m t h e t r e es a n d a n y t h at h ave f a lle n t o t h e
gro und.
A ft e r h arv e st:
Harv e st f r u it w it h c a re , a vo id in g b ru is in g it o r c re atin g w ounds. S im ila rly , t r a n sp ort t h e f r u it w it h c a re .
Avo id s to rin g f r u it in w arm , p oorly v e n tila te d , b uild in gs w it h h ig h h um id it y ; if p ossib le , s to re t h e f r u it
belo w 1 0
o
C.
Rhiz o pus
d oes n ot p ro duce s p ore s a t 4
o
C. R em em ber, o ne f r u it in a c o nsig n m en t c a n c a u se t h e
ro t o f m an y o th ers in a f e w d ays.
Make s u re t h e p ackin g s h ed a n d b oxe s/b in s a re c le an , r e m ovin g a n y p la n t m ate ria l o n w hic h
Rhiz o pus
c o uld
pro duce s p ore s.
C H EM IC AL C O NTR O L
I f f u ngic id es a re r e q uir e d , a p ply a p ro te cta n t p ro duct, e .g ., m an co ze b , o r a s yste m ic b en zim id azo le ,
e .g ., t h io phan ate -m eth yl o r a t r ia zo le , e .g ., p ro pic o nazo le . If a s yste m ic p ro duct is u se d , a lt e rn ate t h ese w it h s p ra ys
o f m an co ze b .
I f t h e c o nce rn is o nly t o p ro te ct t h e f r u it in s to ra ge, s p ra y o nce 1 0 d ays b efo re h arv e st.
A U TH ORS G ra h am e Ja ck so n & E ric M cK en zie
I n fo rm atio n f r o m P la n tw id e K now le d ge B an k:
http :/ /w ww.p la n tw is e .o rg /K now le d geB an k/S earch Resu lt s .a sp x?q =rh iz o p us& cb =2043
http :/ /w ww.p la n tw is e .o rg /K now le d geB an k/S earch Resu lt s .a sp x?q =rh iz o p us& cb =2043
. P h oto s 1 ,2 & 4 ( ta ken b y E ric M cK en zie ), a n d u se d in t h is
f a ct s h eet, a p peare d p re vio u sly in M cK en zie E ( 2 013)
R hiz o p us s to lo n if e r
PaD IL
-
http :/ /w ww.p ad il.g ov.a u
http :/ /w ww.p ad il.g ov.a u
. P h oto 3 E lle n I r a m u, H on ia ra , S olo m on I s a ln ds.
P ro d uce d w it h s u pport f r o m t h e A ustr a lia n C en tr e f o r I n te rn atio n al A gric u lt u ra l R ese arch u nder p ro je ct P C /2 010/0 90:
Str e n gth en in g in te gra te d c ro p m an agem en t r e se arch in t h e P acif ic I s la n ds in s u pport o f
su sta in ab le in te n sif ic a tio n o f h ig h -v alu e c ro p p ro d uctio n
, im ple m en te d b y t h e U niv ersit y o f Q ueen sla n d a n d t h e S ecre ta ria t o f t h e P acif ic C om munit y .Th is f a ct s h eet is a p art o f t h e a p p
Pacif ic P ests a n d P ath ogen s
Th e m obile a p plic a tio n is a va ila b le f r o m t h e G oogle P la y S to re a n d A pple iT u nes.
Andro id E d it io n
Andro id E d it io n
Apple iO S E d it io n
Apple iO S E d it io n
Copyrig h t © 2 017. A ll r ig h ts r e se rv ed .
